- Development Mechanism in spatial Integration of Cities    1996 kb by    Joardar, Souro | souro_j@bol.net.in    Short Outline The paper compares the public-private partnership model in metropolitan land and infrastructure development with the top-down public agency based plan implementation mechanism and highlights their relative strengths and weaknesses. Abstract Land and infrastructure are keys to integrate cities in the developing world to the competetive global arena and institutional arrangements for their development may significantly alter cities' relative success to atract investments and their spatial integrity. Two different approaches applied within Delhi Metropolitan Area are compared here. Delhi has traditionally relied on a single public agency for planned land and housing development and followed peripheral bulk land acquisition to accommodate future growth; while an enabling law in neighbouring Gurgaon allowed large scle land assembly and development by private realtors, within a master plan framework. This led to fast developent of land and real estate transforming a sleeping Gurgaon to a giant hub of multi-nationals. However, with city-wide transport and utility networks and high order soci-cultural institutions, vested in public agencies, lagging behind, the city is a spatially disintegrated assembly of massive posh private enclaves where movements and choices for citizens are severely constrained. With its political and historic significance, enormous market, intellectual capital and fiscal incentives, Delhi is a potential global city. But planned spatial development vested in its sole public agency has failed to match Delhi's high growth and demand for space. Acquired undeveloped public land attracts squatting and unauthorised fragmanted private colonisation in the fringe; while redevelopment initiatives lacking in the inner city, planned residential areas undergo unathorised private expansions of built forms and encroachment of non-residential uses. Control and development lacking simultaneously, a historically planned city is turning to chaos. Public agencies often fail to match market demands for space across growing cities; while public and private, working in tandem in planned partnership may be a realistic option for orderly, integrated urban development. Keywords INSTITUTIONAL MECHNISM,URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT Case Study presented on the ISOCARP Congress 2006: Cities between Integration and Disintegration   Click to open the full paper as pdf document   Click to send an email to the author(s) of this paper