- Hybrid metropolitan archipelago (Venezuela)    click here to open paper content220 kb
by    Ferrer, Mercedes & Franchini, Teresa & Reyes, Ramon | ferrer.mercedes@gmail.com   click here to send an email to the auther(s) of this paper
Short Outline
The paper describes an innovative planning-evaluation strategy (IPES). It results of a study that adopts a new approach to manage sprawl towards a low carbon city by re-structuring the Protective Zone of Maracaibo’s hybrid metropolitan archipelago.
Abstract
The current financial and environmental global crisis creates a unique opportunity for a new deal for the 21st century, focused on low-carbon growth. A “green recovery” - a virtuous interaction between environmental revival, job creation, growth re-assumption and low-carbon-hydrogen economy oriented public investments and policy actions- is the coherence option for the world community, which demands a creative shared leadership, renovated political systems and global democratic governance. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC’s) per capita energy-related emissions will grow by 10% between 2005 and 2015, and by 33% during 2005-30 (China and India which are expected to grow by more than 100% per capita between 2005 and 2030). The paper describes the method, innovative planning-evaluation strategy (IPES) and results of a study that adopts a new mindset and an innovative approach to manage sprawl towards a low carbon city by re-structuring the -urban occupation of the Protective Zone (PZ)-, to overcome the impact of urban growth-expansion in the sustainability of Maracaibo’s -hybrid metropolitan archipelago- (HMA). The IPES (UPP+PSR+GIT) is a multilayered-relational model that fills the gap of the local urban planning assuming the principles of sustainable development-management (SDM) by braiding the urban planning process (UPP) with the Pressure-State-Response Model (PSR) and Geographical Information Technologies (GIT) -satellite images and GIS- to develop urban models, spatial scenarios, specific attributes and urban sustainable indicators (USI). Scenarios formulation and evaluation (prospective analysis) served to decide about the HMA low carbon future and to re-create a hybrid metropolitan sustainable landscape. The paper concludes presenting the IPES model (creative technovation) and, assuming as urban policy the E2 Scenario: Corridors of Tendencial Expansion (low carbon future) because controls, adjusts and organises the present lineal urban occupation along the metropolitan corridors maintaining intermediate areas of green protection and re-creates a new sustainable landscape a compact, dense and multifunctional-polycentric HMA.

Keywords
hybrid metropolitan archipelago / innovative planning-evaluation strategy (IPES) / PSR model/ USI / low carbon future.
Case Study presented on the ISOCARP Congress 2009: Low Carbon Cities
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