- Planning beyond the boundaries: Perspectives on the challenging intergovernmental collaboration towards a sustainable regional governance in Indonesia   195 kb by    Okitasari, Mahesti & Kidokoro, Tetsuo | mahesti_okitasari@yahoo.com    Short Outline This paper discusses the collaborative activity to regional scale based on Indonesian experiences. The study is to conceptualize, measure and compare cases of intergovernmental collaboration using a dimensional approach and comprehensive analysis of institutional structure transformation, fiscal power diffusion and policy review. A proposal to achieve sustainable governance is discussed. Abstract Cities and regions are rarely stagnant, especially during the fast-paced development stage in the growing economy such as Indonesia. In recent years, as urbanization spilled over the city administration boundary, urban problems are getting more scaled up to the regional level. To cope with the wider scale of urban issues as well as increasing demand in urban service and the lack of sources available, intergovernmental collaboration has become an important strategy. Collaboration forms, such as partnerships and networks, are emerging in many urbanized cities in Indonesia. Managing cities during the rapid urbanization is not the only challenging issues for Indonesian governments and planners. Following the regional autonomy and decentralization policy enacted in 1999, Indonesia experienced a sudden transformation from centralized to decentralized system. 15 years after this big-bang decentralization policy, not only the local and regional planning system that undergone rapid and multiple changes but also the intergovernmental collaboration system. In one side, the new decentralization policy was deemed successful to make government closer to the people by empowering the local governments, but it has also largely contributed to the inward-looking behavioral orientation of these local governments. Along with these deepening processes of decentralization, the institutional structure of regional governance has also undergone restructuring and making collaborative activities has become undeniably more difficult. Building on a debate about the challenging nature of the collaboration, the paper argues that conceptualize, measure and compare cases of intergovernmental collaboration will bring another step towards understanding the different approaches for enabling regional governance to cope with contemporary Indonesia. In order to explore this potential the paper starts with an analysis of intergovernmental relations using a dimensional approach to measure the vertical and horizontal structure of Indonesian regional governance. Time series based analysis on institutional transformation and policy changes as well as local fiscal power diffusion index were also examined to bring the comprehensive overview. This paper examines three highly fragmented metropolitan regions: Jakarta, Surabaya and Yogyakarta. The three cases are found to have three different types of regional governance; from hierarchical, hybrid to spontaneous type. The paper identifies three different structures of intergovernmental collaboration network, namely lead organization structure, network administrative organization structure and voluntary structure. Through tracing the transformation of institutions and investigating the local fiscal capacity, the paper argues that the effectiveness of collaborating is actually determined by governmental operations across organizations, including administrative and structural considerations, along with economic imperatives. Based on the positive and negative aspects found in the analysis, the paper discusses strategies to achieve sustainable regional governance through strengthening cross-sectoral network while maintaining local autonomy as a viable policy option for creating a collaborative culture in the growth of local egocentrism. Keywords Case Study presented on the ISOCARP Congress 2013: Frontiers of Planning - Evolving and declining models of city planning practice   Click to open the full paper as pdf document   Click to send an email to the author(s) of this paper